Differences between DNA and RNA, function, structure and distribution
Distribution of DNA and RNA and Explanation of the Differences between the Two – There are several molecules that make up the human body. These include DNA and RNA.
DNA is one of the most familiar types of molecules to cloud people. Many propose DNA tests to confirm the condition of a person’s gene compatibility.
DNA is short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid which the meaning is the identity molecule in the body of living things or commonly referred to as parental inherited genes.
Unlike DNA, the term RNA is rarely heard. RNA or Ribonucleic Acid is a DNA-forming molecule that occurs when the process of protein synthesis in genes unites.
RNA is a form of polynucleotide single or double strands that are not twisted together. In general, RNA is divided into two groups: genetic RNA and non-genetic RNA.
The distribution of DNA and RNA has their own way of mutating in the body. The task is different.
DNA aims to store genetic information from one cell to another, while RNA only plays a role in the process of synthesizing substances in the body such as proteins.
Differences in the Structure of DNA and RNA
The building blocks of DNA are nucleic acids consisting of polynucleotide which derives from dionucleotide of the building unit which is commonly called dioxynucleot.
The chemical structure is a long-chain polymer of nucleotides composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
In contrast to DNA, the network structure that makes up RNA is nucleotides of one phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and nitrogenous bases in the form of purines and pyrimidines.
All of them criss-crossed one another like a braid of hair.
The polymer molecules in RNA have a role in coding, decoding, regulation, and gene expression. Therefore, the amount of RNA is usually not fixed because the cells break down easily and must be reproduced.
Differences in the Functions of DNA and RNA in the Body of Living Things
Due to the unequal distribution of DNA and RNA, their function is also different. DNA is the carrier of genetic material from parent genes to offspring genes.
Therefore, the role of DNA can be said to be the successor to the descendants of the previous generation.
It is natural that its existence can be used as one of the determinants for recognizing a person’s identity based on gene mutations created in a person’s body, such as as a medium to find out parents and biological children who are still related by blood.
Not only that, DNA also has a function in controlling cell activity which serves as a catalyst for body metabolism.
Thus, another task of DNA is also to provide raw materials for cell structure so that the body can move and interact with other cells during development and growth. This phase is very visible when the baby is still in the womb.
The distribution of DNA and RNA that is not in line makes their functions also have their own ways. RNA has a function to store the gene information in the cells of living things.
Not only that, RNA is also an intermediary for DNA in spreading proteins in the body, so that RNA will form a copy of the DNA nitrogen base sequence code into a triplet form of 2 large N bases or commonly called a condon.
Difference Between DNA and RNA Formation Process
The process of formation that occurs in DNA is called DNA replication. This process occurs when a series of proteins and nucleotide-characterized enzymes have become a unified whole and defined condition.
The surrounding molecules then interact in cell division, synthesizing two new descriptions into a renewable template mode.
In the process there will be initiation, namely helicase which releases hydrogen bonds between base pairs. The exposed helicase is known as a single-stranded protein.
With the opening of the DNA, the adjacent bubbles will meet and form DNA that has been replicated. Long process isn’t it?
DNA has a more constant number of tissues and cells than RNA. It depends on the ploidy of the cell or the number of chromosomes in the replicated parental gene.
RNA has an unstable amount of tissue. The concentration is easily decomposed so that it requires repeated reduction in its formation.
In the process of formation of RNA is carried out by an enzyme called polymerase which copies genes, binds them, then transcribed into a new molecule.
After that, this enzyme will open a double helicase that strings ribonucleotides to the end of the RNA that is being formed and growing.
From this it appears that the distribution of DNA and RNA in completing all the processes is quite complicated and the completion of their formation can be regarded as a process that is not easy.
General Conclusion Differences DNA and RNA in the Body of Living Things
By Shape
When viewed based on its shape, DNA chromosomes resemble long and rounded double spiral bands, while RNA is similar in shape to single bands with shorter and thinner sizes. Therefore, it is natural that DNA-forming cells tend to be stronger than RNA cells.
By Function
When referring to function, DNA will pass the traits of the genes of both parents to their children into a new mixed unit, while RNA can only control the synthesis system in the protein genes of both parents, then carry the genetic code into the ribosomes for further processing.
Based on the Components of a Cell
DNA is a chromosomal unit formed based on deoxyribose sugar components and the constituent bases of purines, pyrimidines in the form of cytosine and thymine, and phosphate groups.
In contrast to RNA which is composed of ribose and the type of base constituent in the form of purines and pyrimidines.
Based on the level of the number of cells
The level of distribution of DNA and RNA also has a difference. DNA is more static and does not change. Its existence is permanent because it is not affected by protein synthesis activity.
RNA can change because the protein synthesis activity that surrounds it can change its period, because the cell is short and easy to decompose.
By Process
When viewed from the process, the formation of DNA is more complicated than RNA. DNA will release hydrogen bonds and then bind them into an inseparable unit.
Therefore, the viscosity of the components and chromosomes intertwined in DNA can be detected better than RNA.
The RNA process is only copying the gene codes to be formed, then mutating into a new chromosome that is unique and different.
This can be done by maximizing protein synthesis that spreads in the body of living things.
By Cell Location
The basic difference is the location of DNA can be seen in the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria in the body, while RNA can be found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes in the body.
Both have an important role in elaborating all components of the cell forming the form of living things. Therefore, the roles of the two cannot be separated from each other.
Based on some of the information that has been described above, the distribution of DNA and RNA is very visible difference. Both from function, form, location, to how to mutate a new cell in the body.
Thus, both can be categorized as 2 components that form new cells in the body, each of which has an important role.
